Final Project Essentials: Fixed Effects
Jeremy Springman
University of Pennsylvania
Global Development: Intermediate Topics in Politics, Policy, and Data
PSCI 3200 - Spring 2024
Topics
Learning Objectives
What do states do? (Hoffman, 2015)
Why is public service delivery (PSD) important?
Mutual reliance between states and citizens
Virtuous cycle between taxation, PSD, and state capacity
How does this work in social contexts without direct taxation?
Exchange-driven social contract emergence
Norm-driven social contract emergence
Service delivery in the pre-colonial period
Colonial approaches to service delivery
Post-colonial period
In 2007, 9% and 16% of US economic engagement with developing countries has been Official Development Assistance and private philanthropy respectively (Kapur and Whittle 2009).
Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) (Green et al. 2002)
Malawi: Number of health facilities
| Year | Gov | FBO | NGO |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 426 | 160 | 32 |
| 2008 | 545 | 167 | 70 |
| 2013 | 478 | 167 | 57 |
Kenya: Number of health facilities
| Year | Gov | FBO | NGO |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2,445 | 1,060 | 83 |
| 2012 | 4,043 | 998 | 218 |
| 2014 | 4,637 | 1,071 | 346 |
What are NGOs?
Who do NGOs serve?
## Citizen Attitudes on NGOs
How might NGO service delivery impact politics?
NGO service delivery may weaken the ‘Fiscal Link’
NGO service delivery may undermine accountability
NGOs as complements to the state (J. Brass 2014)
NGOs as complements to the state (J. Brass 2014)
Necessary conditions
| Sector | Govt | NGO | Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health | 13% | 87% | 479 |
| Education | 42% | 58% | 242 |
| Agriculture/Extension | 32% | 68% | 182 |
| Social Infrastructure | 32% | 68% | 291 |
| Transportation Infrastructure | 100% | 0% | 96 |
| Energy | 100% | 0% | 49 |
| Water and Sanitation | 70% | 30% | 259 |
| Business/Trade Development | 87% | 13% | 15 |
| Total | 45% | 55% | 1900 |
Experimental Evidence on Scaling Up Education Reforms in Kenya (bold2013?)
Experimental Evidence on Scaling Up Education Reforms in Kenya
What does this tell us about the limitations of NGOs?
What is an additive scale?
Takeaways
jrspringman.github.io/psci3200-globaldev/